Tech Scrape

The best of the rest from the Physics arXiv this week: Observation of an Antimatter Hypernucleus

Molecules that make blood vessels more permeable might boost chemotherapeutics. Getting chemotherapy agents into solid tumors can be a challenge because high fluid pressure inside tumors makes it difficult for drugs to leave the bloodstream and attack their targets. But now researchers at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center have discovered a new way to regulate the leakiness of blood vessels: blocking certain molecules surrounding blood vessels in mice can temporarily tweak their leakiness, enhancing flow of drugs to tumors. If scientists can mimic this effect in humans, the compounds could be given along with chemotherapy drugs or molecular imaging reagents to more effectively deliver them into tumor tissues.

Lithium sulfur promises a longer charge, and safer operation, compared to standard lithium batteries. Researchers at Stanford University have developed an electrode that can be used to make more energy-dense lithium-sulfur batteries. If issues surrounding life-cycle deterioration can be addressed, the battery could resolve performance and safety issues limiting the spread of longer-lasting batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles.

Two studies show that complete-genome sequencing can identify disease-causing genes. James Lupski , a physician-scientist who suffers from a neurological disorder called Charcot-Marie-Tooth, has been searching for the genetic cause of his disease for more than 25 years. Late last year, he finally found it–by sequencing his entire genome. While a number of human genome sequences have been published to date, Lupski’s research is the first to show how whole-genome sequencing can be used to identify the genetic cause of an individual’s disease.

A solar-driven process could yield far more fuel than conventional biomass production. Sundrop Fuels , a startup based in Louisville, CO, says it has developed a cleaner and more efficient way to turn biomass into synthetic fuels by harnessing the intense heat of the sun to vaporize wood and crop waste. Its process can produce twice the amount of gasoline or diesel per ton of biomass compared to conventional biomass gasification systems, the company claims.

Analyzing the connections between sites could help spot Web attacks. Over the past couple of years, cybercriminals have increasingly focused on finding ways to inject malicious code into legitimate websites. Typically they’ve done this by embedding code in an editable part of a page and using this code to serve up harmful content from another part of the Web. But this activity can be difficult to spot because websites also increasingly pull in legitimate content, such as ads, videos, or snippets of code, from outside sites.

A novel fuel-injection system achieves 64 miles per gallon. Transonic Combustion , a startup based in Camarillo, TX, has developed a fuel-injection system it says can improve the efficiency of gasoline engines by more than 50 percent. A test vehicle equipped with the technology gets 64 miles per gallon in highway driving, which is far better than more costly gas-electric hybrids , such as the Prius, which gets 48 miles per gallon on the highway.

Companies are working to add value to geospatial information. Thanks to smart phones and other mobile devices, the number of applications that make use of geolocation data is exploding. But developers and device makers face new challenges that include determining physical location accurately, turning coordinates into meaningful information, and protecting users’ privacy.

The best of the rest from the Physics arXiv this week:

The lead-free material may make it easier and cheaper to make “stacked” chips with more computing power. A new type of solder can be melted and shaped in three dimensions under the force of a weak magnetic field. Using a magnet to pull the solder up through narrow holes makes it possible to create electrical connections between stacked silicon chips, for example. These three-dimensional chips pack more computing power in a given area, but making connections between them is expensive, a problem that the new solder might address. The solder also contains no lead, and it is stronger than other lead-free solders.